1. With the aid of a diagram, explain the income and substitution effects of a price change 2. With the aid of a well labelled diagrams, explain how a profit-maximizing firm operating under perfect competition adjusts from short run to long run squilibrium
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- Since a perfectly competitive firm can sell as much as it wishes at the market price, why can the firm not simply increase its profits by selling an extremely high quantity?3. Explain where a perfectly competitive firm's marginal revenue curve is located relative to price and demand. 4. What is the optimal output rule for profit maximization? Draw a graph to show the output level where a perfectly competitive firm maximizes profit.3. What is the meaning of ‘acceptable loss’ for a perfectly competitive firm ?Draw a graph and explain. 4. How can we increase the Total Revenue of products by using elasticity ?Explain them briefly.
- Regulators in the European Union have charged Microsoft with illegally tying Internet Explorer (IE) to Windows and mandated that a version of Windows be offered stripped of IE. A news report suggested that when Microsoft launches Windows 7, it will charge a higher price for the IE-stripped version than the price for a full version that includes IE. Microsoft denied this report but announced that it would offer the full version of Windows 7 at a lower upgrade price. Source: computerworld.com1. The following table has information on the revenues and costs for Tom's tennis ball manufacturing which operates in a perfecetly competitive market. a) Complete the table that corresponds to Tom's production when price is $3. What is MR? b) What is Tom's profit maximization output? What is the shutdown price, entry and exit price? c) What is the economic profit or loss? No of baseballs Total Variable Costs Total Fixed Total Cost $ Cost $ 1.00 2.00 4,00 2. 7.00 4. 11.00 16.0019 A perfectly competitive firm's demand curve is perfectly elastic at the market-determined price. a. True b. False
- 2. Profit maximization of a seller in a competitive price-searchermarket Consider Unico Doughnut, a doughnut shop in a competitive price-searcher market. The following graph shows its demand curve, marginal revenue (MR) curve, marginal cost (MC) curve, and average total cost (ATC) curve. Assume that the shop is operating in the short run. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity. If the shop is making a profit, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade in the area representing its profit. If the shop is suffering a loss, use the purple rectangle (diamond symbols) to shade in the area representing its loss. PRICE (Dollars per doughnut) 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0 MC 0 05 ATC Demand 10 15 20 2.5 3.0 3.5 40 QUANTITY (Thousands of doughnuts) MR At the profit-maximizing output and price, the shop's profit is equal to 3 Given the profit-maximizing choice of output and price, there are Proft Maximizing Outcome…7. In a perfectly competitive market you can expect the following changes to occur in long run if firms are operating at economic profit in short run: a. P increases, Qmarket decreases, qfirm increases b. P increases, Qmarket increases, qfirm increases c. P decreases, Qmarket increases, qfirm increases d. P decreases, Qmarket increases, qfirm decreases3 The graph below shows the costs and revenue curves for Dollar-Daze, a typical profit-maximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market producing Good X. Answer the following questions based on the graph below d. As the market for Good X moves into the long-run equilibrium, explain what will happen to the price of Good X and why.e. Assume the cross-price elasticity of demand between Good X and Good B is positive, what will happen to the quantity demanded of Good B given the change in the long-run price of Good X in part (d)?
- 2. Consider the following economic scenario: A new korean restaurant opens in a city. People are initially cautious about eating new food items, until an influential health report warns consumers against grilled meat and suggest that they increase their consumption of Korean foods. As a result, demand for Korean cuisine increases dramatically. Assuming that the market for Korean food is perfectly competitive, answer the questions below. a. In the story above, what should have happened to the short-run economic profit of the Korean restaurant as a result of the health report? b. Assuming that demand remains high, what do you anticipate will happen to the number of korean restaurants in the city over the long run? c. Would you predict that the first korean restaurant would be able to sustain positive economic profit over the long run? Explain your answer. Using one graph of the market as a whole and one graph of a representative firm's cost curves, illustrate your answers to parts a - c.…2. Consider the following economic scenario: A new korean restaurant opens in a city. People are initially cautious about eating new food items, until an influential health report warns consumers against grilled meat and suggest that they increase their consumption of Korean foods. As a result, demand for Korean cuisine increases dramatically. Assuming that the market for Korean food is perfectly competitive, answer the questions below. a. In the story above, what should have happened to the short-run economic profit of the Korean restaurant as a result of the health report? b. Assuming that demand remains high, what do you anticipate will happen to the number of korean restaurants in the city over the long run? c. Would you predict that the first korean restaurant would be able to sustain positive economic profit over the long run? Explain your answer. d. Using one graph of the market as a whole and one graph of a representative firm's cost curves, illustrate your answers to parts a -…3. The components of marginal revenue Sean's Fire Engines is the sole seller of fire engines in the fictional country of Pyrotania. Initially, Sean produced eight fire engines, but he has decided to increase production to nine fire engines. The following graph shows the demand curve Sean faces. As you can see, to sell the additional engine, Sean must lower his price from $80,000 to $60,000 per fire engine. Note that while Sean gains revenue from the additional engine he sells, he also loses revenue from the initial eight engines because he sells them all at the lower price. Use the purple rectangle (diamond symbols) to shade the area representing the revenue lost from the initial eight engines by selling at $60,000 rather than $80,000. Then use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade the area representing the revenue gained from selling an additional engine at $60,000. PRICE (Thousands of dollars per fire engine) Sean 100 90 80 70 40 10 ++ 0 0 1 True + 2 False 3 4 5 QUANTITY…
