1. A fire has a total heat release rate of 4000 kW and is located at the center of the atrium floor. The smoke layer interface is 8 m above the floor. Determine the mass and volumetric rates of smoke being supplied by the plume to the smoke layer (i.e., at the location of the smoke layer interface).
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- You, a process design engineer, are tasked to build a powerplant that utilizes 1.5 metric tons of municipal solid wastes (MSW) per hour. In an industrial boiler, MSW is burned to heat and pressurize 1 kg/s of preheated water to high-pressure steam (44 atm, 450 °C). The high-pressure steam, moving at a linear velocity of 70 m/s, is then used to drive a high-pressure turbine. In a heat exchanger, the used steam from the outlet of high-P turbine at an intermediate pressure (10 atm, 250 °C) is used to preheat the water that will be fed to the boiler. This water is pumped from an underground reservoir at a low velocity (1 atm, 25 °C). After preheating the water, the intermediate-pressure steam leaving the heat exchanger is then used to drive a low-pressure turbine. Lastly, the steam from outlet of the low-P turbine leaves at a velocity of 10 m/s (at 1 atm and 100 °C) via an exhaust 10 m above the pump inlet. The industrial boiler is insulated, but due to the high temperatures and the nature…room has a floor area of 500 m2and a height of 4 m. The room is involved in a firewith a constant energy release rate of 1 MW. Calculate the time till the smoke layer is1.5 m from the floor for(a)The case where the leakage areas are at the floor level.(b) The case where the leakage areas are at the ceiling level11B.6. Transpiration cooling in a planar system. Two large flat porous horizontal plates are sepa- rated by a relatively small distance L. The upper plate at y = L is at temperature T₁, and the lower one at y = 0 is to be maintained at a lower temperature To. To reduce the amount of heat that must be removed from the lower plate, an ideal gas at To is blown upward through both plates at a steady rate. Develop an expression for the temperature distribution and the amount of heat qo that must be removed from the cold plate per unit area as a function of the fluid properties and gas flow rate. Use the abbreviation = pCpv,L/k. Answer: edy/Let 1-e k(T₁ - To) Φ L T-TL To - TL Problems 365 ; 9⁰ =
- A power station uses oil-fired boilers which are supplied with fuel from 4 cylindrical tanks, each with 12 m diameter and 11 m high. The calorific value of the oil is 38,039 kJ/kg and its relative density is 0.78. The output from the power station is 77 MW. Assuming the only 21% of the heat input is converted to into electrical energy output, how long will the boilers run (in days) on the oil in the tanks. Correct Answer: 4.7 ± 0.1What is mass flow?a 12.7cm diameter duct is maintained at a constant temperature of 245c by hot combustion gases flowing inside the duct. The duct is located horizontally in a warehouse area having an ambient temp of 15C. Calculate the length of the duct necessary to provide 36630W of convection heating. neglect heat transfer due to radiation. write assumptions and draw a sketch
- Calculate the volume of a fixed-dome-type biogas digester for the output of two cows.Also calculate the thermal power available from biogas. Use the following data:Retention time: 40 days,Dry matter produced 2 kg/day/cow, Biogas yield=0.22 m3/kg of dry matter,percentage of dry matter in cow dung=18%,Density of slurry=1090 kg/m3 Burner efficiency=60%, Heating value of biogas=23 MJ/m3 . [Ans: 140.55 W]A circular fuel tank 45 feet long 5.5 feet diameter is used for oil storage. Calculate the mass flow rate of fuel in kg/hr with following conditions: Steam flow = 2000 lbs/hr; Steam dry and saturated at 200 psia; Feedwater temperature = 230˚F; Boiler efficiency= 75%; Fuel oil = 34˚API; From steam table: At 200 psi (1.380 MPa): hs = 2 789.6 kJ/kg while At 230 deg. F (110 deg. C): hf = 461.3 kJ/kgA small-scale Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system uses a rigid tank, whichhas been sized to 1m3. The air storage helps support various fluid power (pneumatics)requirements, but also serves for energy storage (when fully charged).The tank sits in a plant room having a temperature of 25oC at 1 atmosphere (101.325kPa).When delivered new and installed the tank (and the ambient air it contains) is assumedinitially at the same steady state conditions in the plant room. The tank can be filled with(dry) air to a maximum pressure of 300bar. When left in the plant room, the pressurised airtank eventually attains the plant room temperature.You may assume:> Steady state conditions apply> Negligible changes in kinetic and potential energy> Thermal mass of the tank (metal) is negligible Apply the ideal gas equation and calculate the mass of 25oC air (units: kg) in the fullypressurised tank.
- A- Cylinder has a 0.Im in length and 0.1min diameter, is nitially at 292 K. It is suspended in a steam environment where water vapor at 373 K condenses on all surfaces with an effective film coefficient, h, of 8500W/m2 K. Determine the time required for the center of this stubby cylinder to reach 310 K. If the cylinder were sufficiently long so that it could be considered infinite, how long would it take?A- Cylinder has a 0.1m in length and 0.1min diameter, is initially at 292 K. It is suspended in a steam environment where water vapor at 373 K condenses on all surfaces with an effective film coefficient, h, of 8500W/m2 K. Determine the time required for the center of this stubby cylinder to reach 310 K. If the cylinder were sufficiently long so that it could be considered infinite, how long would it take? (4 Marks)Air at 25°C and atmospheric pressure flows with a velocity of 3 m/s inside a 10mm diameter tube of 1 m length. The inside surface of the tube contains a deposit of naphthalene. Determine the average mass transfer coefficient for the transfer of naphthalene from the pipe surface into the air.