1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head. • 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Find 1. How much energy we can save? 2. How much coal (Kg) we can save? 3. How much CO2 we can reduce? 4. How many African children (1 liter/kid/day) we can support?

Structural Analysis
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ISBN:9781337630931
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Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
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• 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and
low-flow shower head.
• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet.

Find
1. How much energy we can save?
2. How much coal (Kg) we can save?
3. How much CO2 we can reduce?
4. How many African children (1 liter/kid/day) we can
support?

Energy needed to treat water
1. Average energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California
studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons.

Thermal Energy in Coal
2. The thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh.

Energy output/fire power plant
3. A typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year.

CO2 Emission
4. Taking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during
burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal
burned.

 

Wasting water wastes electricity. Why? Because the biggest use of
electricity in most cities is supplying water and cleaning it up after
it's been used!
About 75 percent of the water we use in our homes is used in the
bathroom. Unless you have a low flush toilet (6 liters), for
example, you use about 15 liters of water with every flush!
• A leaky toilet can waste more than 37,000 liters of water a year.
Drippy faucets are bad, too. A faucet that leaks enough water to
fill a soda bottle every 30 minutes will waste 8,000 liters of water
a year.
• An average tub bath requires 180 liters of water. The average
shower of four minutes with an old shower head uses 75 liters of
water. With a low-flow shower head, only 37.5 liters of water is
used.
Transcribed Image Text:Wasting water wastes electricity. Why? Because the biggest use of electricity in most cities is supplying water and cleaning it up after it's been used! About 75 percent of the water we use in our homes is used in the bathroom. Unless you have a low flush toilet (6 liters), for example, you use about 15 liters of water with every flush! • A leaky toilet can waste more than 37,000 liters of water a year. Drippy faucets are bad, too. A faucet that leaks enough water to fill a soda bottle every 30 minutes will waste 8,000 liters of water a year. • An average tub bath requires 180 liters of water. The average shower of four minutes with an old shower head uses 75 liters of water. With a low-flow shower head, only 37.5 liters of water is used.
TABLE 4.8 Usage Characteristics of Water-Using Fixtures
End-Use
Toilets
Showers
Faucets
Dishwashers
Clothes washers
Leaks
Conventional Fixtures Water-Efficient Fixtures
3.5 gal/flush
5.0 gal/min
4.0 gal/min
14.0 gal/load
55.0 gal/load
10% of total use
1.6 gal/flush
2.5 gal/min
2.0 gal/min
8.5 gal/load
42.0 gal/load
2% of total use
Usage Pattern
4 flushes/pers/day
5 min./shower
2.5 min/pers/day
0.17 loads/pers/day
0.3 loads/pers/day
N/A
% Hot Water
0%
60%
50%
100%
25%
50%
Transcribed Image Text:TABLE 4.8 Usage Characteristics of Water-Using Fixtures End-Use Toilets Showers Faucets Dishwashers Clothes washers Leaks Conventional Fixtures Water-Efficient Fixtures 3.5 gal/flush 5.0 gal/min 4.0 gal/min 14.0 gal/load 55.0 gal/load 10% of total use 1.6 gal/flush 2.5 gal/min 2.0 gal/min 8.5 gal/load 42.0 gal/load 2% of total use Usage Pattern 4 flushes/pers/day 5 min./shower 2.5 min/pers/day 0.17 loads/pers/day 0.3 loads/pers/day N/A % Hot Water 0% 60% 50% 100% 25% 50%
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Calculation of Energy saving 

We are given that Average energy use for waste water treatment = 652 KWh for 625,853 gallons

Average energy use for 1 gallon waste water treatment = 652625,853 KWh

Per day Average energy use for  29.522 Million gallon waste water treatment = 652625,853*29.522*106

Per day Average energy use for  29.522 Million gallon waste water treatment = 30753.29 KWh

" Per day  Energy saving = 30753.29 KWh "

Finding

How to come up with 30753.29KWh?

If  652 KWh for 625,853 gallons

652,853*29.522*106 = ??

 

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