Protecting the Privacy of Users Online

With the buzz around many big data applications, privacy concerns regarding their uses have also grown. With the personal data has been mined and published every day, the battle to reclaim the privacy starts vigorously. E-commerce websites harvests information about all the online searches of customers. Social Media exposes the likes and preferences of people, their photos and all their daily activities. Video surveillance monitors the movement of people. The data gets published from health care, censes and other government agencies. With such potential of harvesting, mining and publishing data, the risks of using big data is more than anything [29].

Privacy advocates warn that many websites try to collect personal information from online users, but few guarantees how that data will be used. They say the federal government should establish standards to protect privacy online. But Internet businesses and others contend that they can safeguard users ' privacy without resorting to government interference. Law-enforcement agencies, meanwhile, favor government limitations on the use of sophisticated encryption technology, which makes online communications secure - even from the police. They fear that strong encryption software will help criminals in hiding their activities. But privacy advocates argue that encryption technology assures companies and consumers that their online communications are not being tampered with. . In one of the interview by By Biance Bosker, Mark Zuckerberg said “Facebook isn 't violating your privacy -- Google, Yahoo and Microsoft are.” The Internet has become not only a primary means of communication, but a place where millions of Americans store important personal data, from credit-card numbers and bank account information to family photos and histories of their online purchases. But that data does not have the same legal protection as data that Americans store in their homes. What 's more, powerful new technologies are creating unexpected challenges to privacy online. Advertisers, for example, can now track the Web sites you visit, and actions you take on those sites, to analyze how to more

Big data is a relatively recent concept in the marketing world that describes the process of analyzing massive data sets to uncover trends. The data sets are so large that it would be almost impossible to find such trends without high-powered analytical technology. Big data has been facilitated by the ability to gather massive amounts of information about consumer profiles and shopping trends. The primarily facilitators of big data collection are credit card companies and online companies like Google and Facebook that track people's purchasing and computer usage patterns. Big data has been used in a lot of different industries to revolutionize everything from health care to manufacturing to government (Manyika, et al,

What is big data? Big data is structured and unstructured data that is difficult to process using traditional database and software techniques. This is because of its extensive size. Big data ranges “from a few dozen terabytes to many petabytes of data in a single data set – and are constantly growing” (Hopp). A terabyte is equal to 1,024 gigabytes, while a petabyte is equal to 1,024 terabytes. A regular iPhone has 16 gigabytes, so a terabyte contains the same amount of digital storage as 64 iPhones, while a petabyte contains the same amount of digital storage as 65,536 iPhones! Structured data is in a fixed field within a record or file (usually databases or spreadsheets). Unstructured data is unorganized and hard to interpret by traditional databases or data models (like photos, webpages and emails). Structured data is a lot easier to work with and can be easily classified, so it is preferred in big data over unstructured data.

Big Data is has been around in Information Sciences since the 1990s. Over the past years, the amount of data we create, communicate and store has grown exponentially. Big Data is already a big influence on our lives. Whether you contribute to the ever-growing dataset of Facebook or your supermarket gives you discounts for items you never expected to need , Big Data is all around us and has an impact on all of us.

Big data refers to the large amount of data that is impossible to handle by using traditional or conventional methods such as relational databases or it is a technique that is required to handle the large amount of data that is generated with advancements in technology and increase in population. Big data helps to store, retrieve and modify these large data sets. For example, with the advent of smart technology there is rapid increase in use of mobile phones due to which large amount of data is generated every second, so it is impossible to handle by using traditional methods hence to overcome this problem big data concepts were introduced.

Big data is often referred to and defined in many different ways.In layman terms, we can interpret it as massive or huge amounts of information which cannot be handled efficiently by the current technologies and softwares. But recent technological advancements like data analytics, and social or media networks allow process, transfer, allocate, measure and represent enormous amounts of data which can also be referred to as Big Data.

A more layman definition of big data is found in the Oxford English Dictionary, which states that, “Big data is data of a very large size, typically to the extent that its manipulation and management present significant logistical challenges.”

Big Data is a newer term that has been introduced to the technology world. By definition, the term “Big Data” refers to large amounts of complex sets of data, their relationships and their analysis. (Electronic Privacy Info Center). It can also be defined as a “collection of data from traditional and

Fig. 1: Data is predicted to grow to more than 160,000 terabytes in the next 5 years.

Big data is an extensive collection of structured and unstructured data. It is a modern day technology which is applied to store, manage and analyze data that are not possible to manage, store and analyze by using the commonly used software or tools. Since all of our daily tasks are overtaken by the modern technologies and all the businesses and organizations are using internet system to operate, the production of data has increased significantly in past

Presence of big data is a very common phenomenon now days, specially when talking about medium to large size corporation. Manyika et al., in their article (James Manyika, 2011) defined the term big data as “large pools of data that can be captured, communicated, aggregated, stored, and analyzed”. To clarify they suggested that big data refers to data, whose size makes it impossible to be processed by the typical software used for database management. Gartner (Gartner, 2012)defined big data in terms of its characteristics of high volume, high velocity and high variety. By volume, he referred to the size of the data, by velocity he referred to the speed at which the data is created and by variety he referred to the range of types of data.

ig data is a large amount of data, structured as well as unstructured, that records or entails information about business on a daily basis (“Big data: What,” n.d.). This huge amount of data contains information about different aspects but not all this information is important to us, therefore, mining for information through such a large amount of data is a very important step. Most of the time, the magnanimity of such data is so much that it is difficult to process it using conventional database and software programs (Beal, 2016). In this age of modernization, the fame and popularity of the term “Big Data” is constantly increasing. Owing to its renown and eminence, Oxford English Dictionary added it in 2013 and it also appeared in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (Dutcher, 2014).

Abstract— Big data is a significant subject in modern times with the rapid advancement of new technologies for example, smartphones, pc/laptops, game consoles, that all in some way store information. Big companies require a place to not only store all the data that is coming in but to also analyze it for specific purposes and at the fastest speed manageable. There are many different providers out there who provide this service, this paper will talk about one way the company Google handles data using their own special made platform.

Big Data refers to a large scale of information management that exceeds the capability of traditional data processing that measures in terms of Petabytes. Now if we think that the unit Petabyte means a few dozen of Terabytes then it will not be appropriate to measure the actual amount of the memory of Petabytes. The data and the Information is proliferating from all directions and sources which lead to Petabytes of data and more which is known as Big-Data.