Political Science Essay Exam Unit #1

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Merced College *

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POLITICAL

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Political Science

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Apr 3, 2024

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1. You must use and cite the book and/or lecture in your answer. 2. Do not copy and paste from any internet source. Utilize the course material as your only source (not internet sites). Copying from the internet will result in an automatic zero for this exam. The use of AI will also result in a zero for the exam. Question: Please choose one of the following terms. Provide a discussion of the meaning of the term and its significance (importance/relevance) to American government and/or politics. Social Justice Natural Rights (John Locke) Stamp Act Enumerated Powers According to lectures, Social Justice refers to the idea of achieving equality and fairness in society through the redistribution of wealth and opportunities. It focuses on addressing systemic inequalities and ensuring that all individuals have equal access to basic human rights and resources. Moreover, social justice plays a crucial role in shaping political discourse and public opinion. It informs debates on issues such as income inequality, healthcare access, immigration, and criminal justice reform. Political candidates often emphasize their commitment to social justice as a way to appeal to voters and demonstrate their dedication to promoting fairness and equality. 2. 1. You must use and cite the book and/or lecture in your answer. 2. Do not copy and paste from any internet source. Utilize the course material as your only source (not internet sites). Copying from the internet will result in an automatic zero for this exam. The use of AI will also result in a zero for the exam. Question:

Please choose one of the following terms. Provide a discussion of the meaning of the term and its significance (importance/relevance) to American government and/or politics. New Liberalism Checks and Balances Social Contract Virginia Plan As stated in the book The Challenge of Democracy: American Government in Global Politics, Enhanced, "By proposing a powerful national legislature that could override state laws, the Virginia Plan advocated a new form of government. It was to have a mixed structure, with more authority over the states and new authority over the people."(pg. 60) The Virginia Plan refers to a proposal put forward by the Virginia delegation during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. This plan, drafted primarily by James Madison, proposed a new framework for the government of the United States. It called for a strong central government with three separate branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. The Virginia Plan also proposed a bicameral legislature, with representation in both houses based on the population of each state. 3. You must use and cite the book and/or lecture in your answer. 2. Do not copy and paste from any internet source. Utilize the course material as your only source (not internet sites). Copying from the internet will result in an automatic zero for this exam. The use of AI will also result in a zero for the exam. Question: Please choose one of the following terms. Provide a discussion of the meaning of the term and its significance (importance/relevance) to American government and/or politics. Equality of Outcome

Articles of Confederation Mandate Fiscal Federalism Fiscal Federalism is the term I have chosen to discuss. It refers to the division of power and responsibilities between the central government and regional or local governments in the context of financial matters. This concept is of great significance to American government and politics as it shapes the relationship between the federal government and the states. According to readings and lectures, fiscal federalism is a key aspect of American government and politics. It determines the financial relationship between the federal government and the states, shaping the balance between national unity and regional autonomy. By facilitating intergovernmental cooperation, promoting economic stability, and addressing regional disparities, fiscal federalism plays a vital role in the functioning and development of the United States. Lecture 4 Federalism pt 2 Question 4 Please choose and answer ONE of the following essay questions. A. How do procedural and substantive views of democracy differ? Describe and discuss the principles of each. Provide an argument for why a balance of both models is needed in a democracy. B. What prompted the writing of the U.S. Constitution? Why did the Articles fail? Be sure to evaluate the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and events leading up to the Constitutional Convention. C. In fashioning the U.S. Constitution, the Framers advanced four political principles that, taken together, established a new political order. What are those principles? Describe each principle, their purpose and provide an example of how each works in practice. D. Discuss dual, cooperative, coercive and fiscal federalism. How do these concepts differ (constitutional interpretations, relationship between the states and federal government, etc.)? Which is most applicable to government today? Why?

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