BMGT8112 Assignment 8
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Industry-Specific Reporting Requirements
1
Industry-Specific Reporting Requirements
BMGT8112 – Assignment 8
Professor Debra Touhey
Angelica Sampson Capella University
March 3, 2024
Industry-Specific Reporting Requirements
2
Part A: IFRS Reporting Requirements
The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is a set of accounting standards developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The objective of IFRS is to provide a global framework for how public companies prepare and disclose their financial statements (CFI, 2015). To develop in the public interest, a single set of high quality, understandable, enforceable and globally accepted financial reporting standards based upon clearly articulated principles. These standards should require high quality, transparent and comparable information in financial statements and other financial reporting to help investors, other participants in the world's capital markets and other users of financial information make economic decisions (CFI, 2015).
IFRS provides general guidance for the preparation of financial statements, rather than setting rules for industry-specific reporting. The main difference between IFRS and U.S. GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) is that GAAP is rule-based while IFRS is principle-
based (CFI, 2015).
The conversion from U.S. GAAP to IFRS can bring about several concerns. One of the main issues is the difference in approach between the two systems. U.S. GAAP is more rule-
based, providing specific rules for different industries and situations. On the other hand, IFRS is principle-based, providing a broad framework and relying on professional judgment for its application. This can lead to more variability in financial reporting under IFRS (CFI, 2015).
Three areas of Microsoft Corporation's financial statements that could be impacted by the transition to IFRS are
:
Industry-Specific Reporting Requirements
3
1. Inventory: Under U.S. GAAP, companies can use the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) method for inventory valuation. However, IFRS does not allow the use of LIFO, which could result in differences in the reported inventory and cost of goods sold. Inventories are stated at average cost, subject to the lower of cost or market (SEC, 2018). Cost includes materials, labor, and manufacturing overhead related to the purchase and production of inventories. We regularly review inventory quantities on hand, future purchase commitments with our suppliers, and the estimated utility of our inventory (SEC, 2018). These reviews include analysis of demand forecasts, product life cycle status, product development plans, current sales levels, pricing strategy, and component cost trends. If our review indicates a reduction in utility below carrying value, we reduce our inventory to a new cost basis through a charge to cost of revenue (SEC, 2018).
2. Intangible Assets: U.S. GAAP and IFRS treat research and development costs differently. Under GAAP, most of these costs are expensed as incurred, while under IFRS, development costs are capitalized once certain criteria are met. This could lead to higher asset values and lower expenses under IFRS (SEC, 2018). We recognize an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if we expect the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. We have determined that certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. Total capitalized costs to obtain a contract were immaterial during the periods presented and are included in other current and long-term assets on our consolidated balance sheets (SEC, 2018).
3. Leases: Under U.S. GAAP, leases are classified as either operating or capital leases. IFRS has a single model that requires leases to be treated in a manner similar to finance leases, which
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