Chapter 10 Questions

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Loyola University Chicago *

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History

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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What were the economic consequences of the commercial revolution? One consequence of the commercial revolution is that the economic pressure on the nobles increased, which led to inflation and many people went into debt. Since many peasants decided to participate in the commercial economy, there was an increase in population which resulted in greater demand for food which required bringing more land under cultivation. Peasants were spending more money than what they were making, however, they got to raise their prices and had access to markets. What was the Gregorian reform about, and how did its outcome change the nature of both kingship and the papacy? The Gregorian reform is when Gregory made the church more independent and powerful from the Kings. He wanted to “free the church from the evil rulers in the world”. This resulted in the pope, Gregory, having more authority and say in important decisions, and the Kings having less control over the church. How and why was the First Crusade a success, and how and why was it a failure? The First Crusade was a success because the European crusaders took over the Holy Land from the Muslims and converted it to Christian rule, which was their main goal. However, it was also a failure in some ways because they could not hold on to the land that they captured for very long, and it led to many battles with local people and other Crusaders. Which ruler — Alexius I Comnenus, William the Conqueror, or Louis VI — was the strongest, which the feeblest, and why? Alexius I Comnenus was the strongest because he had a lot of power and managed difficult situations very well. He also gave back to the community by giving nobles lifetime possession of imperial estates and their dependent peasants, and also gave the urban elite new offices. Louis VI was the feeblest because he struggled and faced many challenges when controlling his kingdom and had a weak central authority which made him less powerful. Making Connections What were the similarities — and what were the differences — between the powers wielded by the Carolingian kings and those wielded by twelfth-century rulers? One similarity is that both groups had authority over their land, however, the twelfth-century ruler's power was limited and more fragmented. They had to negotiate with various powerful local rulers, while the Carolingian kings had a more stable and centralized rule that was based on personal authority.
In what ways was the movement for church reform a consequence of the commercial revolution? The movement for church reform was a consequence of the commercial revolution because increased wealth and trade led to problems in the church. As local people got richer, church leaders became more interested in power and money instead of focusing on their religious duties which led to corruption in the church. How may the First Crusade be understood as a consequence of the Gregorian reform? I believe that since the church became more powerful and influential from the Gregorian reform, the church had more power and encouraged the people to fight in the name of Christianity, which prompted the First Crusade. And that resulted in suffering, conflict, and violence.
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