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When a web client attempts to get access to protected resources hosted by a web server, it is important to demonstrate the step-by-step implementation of native authentication and authorization services. What are the two most persuasive arguments in favor of layered protocols and why should they be used? You need to provide specific examples to back up your point.

Draw a sequence diagram for air ticket reservation which have 6 different classifiers such as User, Mobile Device, WAP Gateway, WebServer, Apache and Database Server. User sends the message Requestflightinfo ( ) to Mobile device and get back reply as Displayflightinfo ( ). Mobile device sends the message of connectthroughWAP( ) to WAP Gateway and receives the message as Sendthroughchannel( ).WAP Gateway sends message Authenticate( ) to Webserver and gets reply as Responseinfo( ).  Apache will get the message to ActivateApache( ) from webserver and receives                WMLcontent ( ).Apache will send ExecuteQuery( ) message to Database Server and receives Retrieveinfo( ).

Iterative and non-iterative DNS queries, authoritative and root servers, and DNS entries are all covered here. This extensive overview covers the Domain Name System (DNS) from iterative to non-iterative queries to authoritative and root servers and DNS entries.

Hyper Text Transmission Protocol (HTTP) is a simple protocol that can be implemented with small footprint which can be used in different types of content transfer and other types of services.  Given an example of an HTTP Uniform Resource Locator (URL).  List the THREE (3) main components of an HTTP URL, stating how their boundaries are denoted and illustrating each one from your example. To what extent is a URL location transparent?

When a web client requests access to protected resources on a web server, demonstrate the step-by-step implementation of native authentication and authorization services. What are the two most persuasive arguments in favor of using layered protocol architectures? Give specific examples to back up your claim.

What are the two most compelling arguments for utilising layered protocols? Give instances to back up your point.

When a web client wants to access protected resources on a web server, show how native authentication and authorization services are used step by step, from start to finish. A layered protocol is better than one that doesn't have layers at all. You should give examples to back up your claim.

Consider an HTTP client who wants to retrieve a Web document from a given URL. The IP address of the HTTP server (hosting the URL) is initially unknown. What transport and application layer protocols other than HTTP are needed in this scenario? Please consider who has to be contacted for the IP address and the methods used to do this. Also consider how the connection is established with the web server?

In the Internet of Things (IoT) web stack, what function do the protocols UDP and IPV6 serve? What exactly is the difference between a sensor having a static IP address and one that has a dynamically assigned IP address?

Create an example, that can be an analogy to the layered TCP/IP structure. Explain layer by layer what responsibilities each layer has. The analogy to airline travel has already been examined. You can draw a simple figure if you think it's helpful. 2.

Describe how the stop-and-wait protocol operates and what it does. What are the most significant issues and limits associated with this protocol? In this instance, you must derive an expression for the link utilization.

Computer Science How does a host communicate with another host using standard TCP/IP communication stack in traditional networks? Explain the process using a flow diagram. Also, explain the data encapsulation process at every stage of the TCP/IP protocol stack.

In class you have been introduced to how network designers organize protocols through layers. Subsequently, you were also introduced to the Internet protocol stack, which consists of five layers: the physical, link, network, transport, and application layers, as a typical example of this layered design. Additionally, it was also brought to your attention that the Internet protocol is not the only protocol stack available. A seven layered protocol stack called the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is also available. In this assignment, you're required to identify the missing and/or merged layers between the two models and discuss their functionalities.

Considering each of the TCP/IP protocol stack layers and rank them in the order you feel they are most important. Can one or more of these layers be combined or separated? Would your ordering be affected based upon what type of data is being transmitted, why or why not? Defend why your choice of ordering is the way you have stated. Use the following scale: 1=most important and 5= least important.

Sort the TCP/IP protocol stack layers by importance. Can layers be mixed or separated? If so, why? You ordered that way—why? Helpful scale: 1 is the most crucial aspect, while 5 is the least.

What precisely is meant by the term "Routing," and how does its implementation take place?

Consider Figure 2.12, for which there is an institutional network connected to the Internet. Suppose that the average object size is 1,000,000 bits and that the average request rate from the institution’s browsers to the origin servers is 16 requests per second. Also suppose that the amount of time it takes from when the router on the Internet side of the access link forwards an HTTP request until it receives the response is three seconds on average (see Section 2.2.5). Model the total average response time as the sum of the average access delay (that is, the delay from Internet router to institution router) and the average Internet delay. For the average access delay, use ∆/(1 - ∆b), where ∆ is the average time required to send an object over the access link and b is the arrival rate of objects to the access link. Find the total average response time. I get ∆=1000000/15000000= 1/15, then ∆/(1 - ∆b)= (1/15)/(1-(1/15)*16)=-1, so the finally answer is : 3+(-1)=2s or 3+0=3s?

One approach that might be used in a mobile network architecture that would allow a datagram sent by the correspondent to reach a destination mobile device is to allow mobile users to maintain their IP addresses as they moved among foreign networks. The foreign network would advertise a highly specific route to the mobile user and use the existing routing infrastructure to propagate this information throughout the network. Scalability is a concern in this approach. Suppose as the mobile user moves from one network to another, the old foreign network withdraws its route as the new foreign network advertises the specific route to the mobile user. Take into consideration how routing information propagates in a distance-vector algorithm or inter-AS routing protocols like BGP. Also think about interdomain routing among networks that span the globe. Are datagrams routed immediately to the new foreign network as soon as the foreign network begins advertising its route?    Would a situation…

Consider a 2G - GSM mobile phone which has been turned off for a while. The user turns it on and tries to make a phone call to another mobile phone in the same mobile operator's network which is also a 2G network. Write down ALL messaging between various components of the GSM architecture and the mobile phone being turned on until the call is established (so do not consider the other side of the phone call) in a timeline with appropriate messaging and names of the channels being used. When making a phone call assume that the user fails in the first 2 random- access trials and succeeds on the 3rd random-access trial.

Consider an employee using their computer to send and retrieve email at their workplace.  Only Ethernet networks are used for physical connectivity, but the mail server is located on a separate network.  The employee’s network and the mail server’s network are connected by a single router which also has a connection to the Internet via the workplace’s ISP.   Explain how the employees email client sends and receives emails using the email server, indicating any protocols involved and where any encapsulation/decapsulation occurs as data travels between the client, local mail server, and remote mail servers.

Explain what happens behind-the-scenes when a web client accesses a secure server resource, and how authentication and authorisation are handled by the web server itself. For this reason, you find the employment of layered protocols to be quite alluring. To back up your assertions, please provide examples.

What are the two most compelling arguments in favor of utilizing layered protocols? Give specific instances to demonstrate your point.

Defend the use of the UDP protocol over the TCP protocol and provide an example of why it would be advantageous for an application developer to do so. Do you think it's even possible for an application to have dependable data transport while using UDP? If that's the case, how specifically would you say that?

Which two of the many convincing reasons in favor of layered protocols come to mind first? You need to provide specific examples to back up your claim.

In this all-encompassing overview, the operation of the Domain Name System (DNS) is broken down into its component parts, from DNS record requests through authoritative and root server explanations.

Please explain the main differences between POP, SMTP, and IMAP as they relate to email sent and received over the internet. It would be helpful to include an explanation of the roles of the node agents in both the sender and the receiver.