W4_CaseStudy_Guirguis_Mira

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1 Week 4 Case Study Mira Guirguis South University NSG5003 Advanced Pathophysiology Dr. Sandi Dr. McDermott March 9 th , 2024

2 Scenario 1: 1. What is the most likely diagnosis and pathogen causing this disorder and mode of transmission? Based on the patient's presenting symptoms and the research done on these symptoms bacterial pharyngitis is the most likely diagnosis for this patient. The most prevalent cause of this infectious disease, commonly referred to as "strep throat," is streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (Applegate, 2023). When respiratory droplets, including saliva and nasal secretions, come into direct touch with one another, the bacteria is spread from person to person fairly quickly and easily (CDC, 2022). When comparing to asymptomatic pharyngeal carriers, people who have group A strep pharyngitis have a much-elevated risk of spreading the microbes to other people. Transmission is more likely in crowded locations, such as those found in schools, daycare and malls for example. Foodborne transmission of group A strep infection is a rare but possible scenario. Inadequate food handling practices have led to foodborne epidemics of pharyngitis (CDC, 2022). It was previously believed that environmental transmission through surfaces and fomites did not exist. Though it is probably a less frequent mode of transmission, data from epidemic investigations suggest that environmental transmission of group A strep could occur (Applegate, 2023). 2. Discuss data that supports your decision. Based on the complaints the patient is presenting with such as fever, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing, it is lining up with the symptoms one would experience with strep throat, however one cannot simply judge the scenario in this manner, we can take it a step further and look at her

3 physical examination (CDC, 2022). Her physical examination reveals erythematous oropharynx with small petechiae and white tonsillar exudates , fever, and white tonsillar exudates (Dlugasch & Story, 2019) . Based on the clinical presentation, these symptoms point to bacterial pharyngitis as the cause. Bacterial pharyngitis commonly presents as a sore throat, fever, pain when swallowing, cervical lymphadenopathy (typically anterior), tonsillar erythema, hypertrophy, and exudates (which may or may not be present), as well as palate petechiae (Dlugasch & Story, 2019) . The sure way to know is to swab to test for strep throat and this will be discussed in the next section. 3. What diagnostic test, if any, should be done? The presumed etiology and the patient's clinical presentation influence the diagnostic test selection for pharyngitis. These are a few typical pharyngitis diagnostic tests: Throat Swab Culture: This procedure entails using a sterile swab to remove a sample of mucus from the back of the throat. After that, the sample is cultivated in a lab to detect the presence of bacteria, including group A Streptococcus, which causes strep throat. If a bacterial infection is found, this test can help distinguish between bacterial and viral causes of pharyngitis and help choose the best course of antibiotic treatment (Applegate,2023). Quick diagnostic technique known as the Rapid Antigen Detection technique (RADT) identifies specific bacterial antigens in a throat swab sample. If the test is positive, medical professionals can start treating patients for bacterial pharyngitis right away because it yields results quickly— usually in a matter of minutes. But compared to a throat swab culture, RADT might have a greater false-negative incidence, especially in young patients (CDC,2022).

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