chapter 3 reading homework

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Chemistry

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May 7, 2024

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1) Create two detailed timelines highlighting the history of drug policy. This should include a description of each of the following (i.e. Aim for at least 3 bullet points of information for each. This information should explain why it was created AND what effects it had ): Timeline 1) Regulation of Pharmaceuticals: 1906: Pure Food and Drugs Act ● Was created to address the issue of misleading and fraudulent labelling of food and drugs. ● It required companies to accurately label their products and prohibited the sale of misbranded or adultered products. ● The act led to the creation of the FDA to enforce the law and regulate the safety of food and drugs. 1938: Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ● The food, drug and cosmetic act expanded on the pure food and drug act to include cosmetics and medical devices. ● It required companies to prove the safety of their products before they could be sold. ● The act also gave the FDA more power to regulate and enforce safety standards. 1962: Kefauver-Harris amendments to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ● Amendments were created to enact in response to the thalidomide disaster which caused birth defects in thousands of babies. ● The amendment required companies to prove the effectiveness of their drugs as well as their safety. ● The Amendment also required drugs to be labelled with information on their side effects. 1983: Orphan Drug Act ● Created to encourage the development of drugs for rare diseases. ● it provided tax incentives and inclusive marketing rights to companies that developed drugs for rare diseases. ● The act has been successful in encouraging the development of drugs for where diseases, with over 800 drugs approved under the act. 1992: Prescription Drug User Fee Act ● The prescription drug user free Act was created to speed up the approval process for new drugs. ● It allowed the FDA to collect fees from drug companies to fund the drug approval process.

● The act has been successful in reducing the time it takes for new drugs to be approved by the FDA. Timeline 2) Regulation of Controlled Substances: 1800s: Briefly describe some of the issues in the U.S. that led up to the initial regulation of certain (now illicit) drugs. ● And the 1800s, there was widespread use of opium and cocaine, and addiction to these drugs was a major public health problem. ● There was also concern about the use of alcohol and its impact on society, which led to the prohibition movement. 1906: Pure Food and Drugs Act ● The Pure Food and Drugs act also applied to drugs, including opium and cocaine. ● The act required drugs to be accurately labelled and prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated drugs. 1914: Harrison Act (include discussion of initial intent and later interpretation of this act) ● The Harrison Act was enacted to regulate the sale and use of opiates and cocaine. ● The act required doctors to register with the government before prescribing these drugs and prohibited the sale of these drugs except for medical purposes. ● The actors later interpreted this to prohibit the use of these drugs for addiction, which led to the criminalization of drug use. 1919: 18th Amendment prohibiting alcohol ● The 18th Amendment prohibited the manufacturers, sale, and transportation of alcohol. ● The amendment led to the rise of organized crime and bootlegging, and was repeated in 1933. 1922: Jones-Miller Act ● The jones-Miller act regulated the importation and exportation of opium and cocaine. ● The act required the registration of importers and exporters and established penalties for violations. 1930: Congress formed the Bureau of Narcotics ● The Bureau of Narcotics was established to enforce federal drug laws. ● the bureau focused on the enforcement of the Harrison Act and the regulation of opium and cocaine.

1937: Marijuana Tax Act ● The Marijuana Tax Act was the first federal law to criminalize marijuana. ● The act imposed attacks on marijuana requiring anyone selling or Distributing it to have a special tax stamp. ● The act effectively banned the sale and use of marijuana as it was impossible to obtain the required tax. 1956: Narcotic Control Act ● The narcotic Control Act was an action to strengthen federal drug laws. ● The act increases penalties for drug offenses and establishes mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses. ● the ACT also increased funding for drug enforcement efforts. 1965: Drug Abuse Control Amendments ● The drug abuse control amendments were enacted to address the growing problem of drug abuse in the United States. ● the Amendments provided funding for drug treatment programs and research on drug use. ● The Amendments also increase penalties for drug offenses and provided for the forfeiture of property used in drug trafficking. 1970: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act ● The comprehensive drug abuse prevention and control act, also known as the controlled substance act, establish the modern framework for federal drug policy in the United States. ● The act classified drugs into five schedules based on their potential for abuse and medical value. ● The act also established penalties for drug offenses and provided for the forfeiture of property use and drug trafficking. 1986: Anti-Drug Abuse Act (amendments to the 1970 act) ● The anti-drug abuse Act was enacted in response to the crack cocaine epidemic. ● The act established mandatory minimum sentences for drug offenses, including a 5-year sentence for possession of 5 G of crack cocaine. ● The act also provided funding for drug treatment programs and Drug education programs in schools. 1988: Anti-Drug Abuse Act (amendments to the 1986 act) ● The anti-drug abuse Act of 1988 expanded on the 1986 act by increasing penalties for drug offenses and providing funding for drug treatment programs.

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