Lab 3_ Biological Macromolecules

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Tennessee State University *

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1010

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Chemistry

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May 3, 2024

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Lab 3: Biological Macromolecules Pre-Lab Questions After you review the background information above, answer the following questions before attempting the Exercises in the laboratory. 1. What are the four major classes of macromolecules found in biological systems? 2. Describe the three general chemical groupings for carbohydrates, providing examples for each. 3. Explain the structure of lipids, including the components of triglycerides and the classification of fatty acids. 4. Discuss the role of phospholipids in cell membranes and provide an example of a steroid..

5. Define proteins and their basic building blocks. What are the different levels of protein structure? 6. Identify and briefly describe the common types of proteins found in biological systems, mentioning their biological functions.

Exercise 1: Testing for Simple Sugars Required Materials ● Benedict’s solution: turns orange-brown in the presence of simple sugars. ● Test samples : distilled water, glucose, starch, orange juice, regular soda, diet soda, unknown Procedure Note : Shake the starch before using it. 1. Fill a beaker about halfway with water and bring it to a gentle boil on the hot plate. 2. Label tubes. Use a wax pencil to label the tubes with the test and sample ID; label at the volume markings listed below. 3. Add 2 mL. sample to the tube (2 cm). 4. Add 2 mL. (2 cm.) Benedict’s solution and swirl to mix. Record the color in the table below. 5. Put the tube in the water and heat for 3 minutes. 6. Use test tube clamps to remove tubes from heat and record color. Note : Dispose of waste in waste beaker. Tube Sample Initial Color Color After Heating Conclusion 1 Water 2 Glucose 3 Starch 4 Orange Juice

5 Regular Soda 6 Diet Soda 7 Unknown Exercise 2: Testing for Starch Required Materials ● Lugol’s Reagent (IKI solution): turns dark blue/black in the presence of starch ● Test Samples : distilled water, glucose, starch, orange juice, regular soda, diet soda, unknown Procedure 1. Label tubes Use a wax pencil to label the tubes with the test and sample ID; label at the volume markings listed below. 2. Add 3 mL. samples (3 cm.) and record color in the chart. 3. Add 9 drops Lugol’s reagent and swirl to mix. 4. Record color in the table below. Tube Sample Initial Color Color After IKI Conclusion 1 Water 2 Glucose 3 Starch

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