What is the ultimate response to a cell-cell signal? (select all that apply) gene expression can be triggered a signal is transduced a signal is amplified a target protein can be activated
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- What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? The molecules bind to the extracellular domain. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic inferior of the plasma membrane. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.Which of the following steps occurs first in cell to cell communication? O A membrane protein changes conformation OA ligand binds to a receptor O A G-protein is activated O A docking protein is phosphorylated PreviousWhat is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distqnces (ex.: nerve cell signaling)?
- How machinery of gene regulation is controlled by cell signaling? (Cell signaling books ) (Signal transduction books)What is the main benefit of cell signaling over long distances (ex: signaling via hormone secretion into the bloodstream)?What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?
- Can a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus? A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor B) No, one stimulus = one response. C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same timeMatch the protein on the left with the signal sequence(s) on the right that it needs to be able to carry out its function. IRE-1 mTOR Death Receptor TFEB [Choose] [Choose ] ER signal seq, stop transfer, KDEL KDEL ER signal seq, KDEL NLS ER signal sequence and stop transfer No signal sequence ER signal seq, stop transfer, KDEL, NLS [Choose]What is the difference between a protein kinase and a secondmessenger? Can both operate in the same signal transduction pathway?
- Genistein is a compound found in soybeans that is known to increase the expression of a protein called Bax in certain breast cancer cells. Outside of Cell Toxins TNF DNA Damage Tradd TraF2 p53 Fadd Bax Caspases Bd-2 IKB NF-KB Apoptosis Inside of Cell Based on the above diagram, would you expect ingestion of soybeans to promote, suppress or have no effect on the progression of breast cancer cells. Suppress progression of breast cancer cells Have no effect on progression of breast cancer cells Promote progression of breast cancer cells TNFRWhich of the following statements best describes scaffolding proteins? Microtubule arrays that allow lipid-soluble hormones to get from the cell membrane to the nuclear pores Large molecules to which several relay proteins attach to facilitate cascade effects Relay proteins that orient receptors and their ligands in appropriate directions to facilitate complex formation Proteins that enter the nucleus of a cell to regulate transcriptionAfter it has been activated a G-protein _______. moves along the inside of the cell's membrane and activates enzymes binds to its receptor in the cell's nucleus and initiates translation travels in the bloodstream to its target cell and then binds to its receptor binds to a receptor on a nearby cell and then activates multiple proteins