Tyrosine came from the Greek word "tyros" which means cheese as it was discovered in cheese by Justus von Liebig, a German chemist in 1846. Tyrosine serves as the precursor for dopamine - the neurotransmitter which is considered as the "reward or pleasure molecule" in our brain. It is also involved in controlling the fine motor movement of our muscles such as those of our hands. Draw the titrimetric profile of tyrosine and calculate its isoelectric pH. [Note: The aromatic hydroxyl group is titratable]
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- One of the initial symptoms a person can have for COVID-19 is the lost of taste and smell. Give a potential mechanism, including which portion of the reflex arc is being impacted, of how COVID is able to have this impact. Use an online source to support your argument.Epilepsy is often treated with a combination of drugs such as carbamazepine and phenytoin (polytherapy). CYP3A4 is induced by phenytoin and carbamazepine. Carbamzeipine is cleared by CYP3A4, but phenytoin is not cleared by CYP3A4. What problems might you expect if (a) carbamazepine is removed or (b) phenytoin is removed from this two-drug regimen.Write schematically the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine. What compounds are necessary for this biochemical process? Biological significance of phospholipids.
- When the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) binds the acetylcholine receptor (a GPCR) on muscle cells, it causes them to contract. ZIGGY, a chemical analog of ACh, also binds to the same acetylcholine receptor on muscle cells, but instead causes the muscle cells to relax. For this reason, it is sometimes prescribed as a muscle relaxer. Explain in 3-4 sentences how ZIGGY could cause muscle relaxation. How can both ZIGGY and ACh bind the same GPCR? And then how can they have different effects on the cells, despite binding to the same receptor on the same cells?"Motor neurons trigger action potentials in muscle cell membranes that open voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in T tubules, allowing extracellular Ca2+ to enter the cytosol, bind to troponin C, and initiate rapid muscle contraction", is true or false.Draw the structure of the trimethylamine group in phosphatidylcholine (or give its stoichiometry
- Substrates for MAO (monoamine oxidase) include monoaminergio neurotransmitters cuch as catecholamines like dopamine (see image below): Н. NH2 HO Which do you think ls an Inhibitor for MAO? *NH2 Option 1 Option 2 don Option 3 Baced on the anower above, what type of Inhibitor le it? CompatitiveButaclamol is a potent antipsychotic that has been used clinically in the treatment of schizophrenia. How many asymmetric centers does it have?PA Tupnu u ow nh8 The jaom od Figure 38-10 Biology; Life on Earth, 8/e © 2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. a) On the diagram above, label the motor neuron, the sensory neuron, the interneuron, and the effector. b) List any way or ways in which the nervous system will determine the intensity of the pain in the example above. 12) 12 TO
- What are the similarities and differences (*in terms of structure) between this analgesic and aspirin? What are the major advantage of this analgesic? Structure of analgesic is provided, please draw structure of aspirin too.Buckeyium is a medication that binds to the NMDA receptor at the orthosteric binding site (were glutamate would normally bind). Assume glycine is already bonded and magnesium isn't inhibiting the NMDAR ion channel. Buckeyium would be regarded a poison if the channel did not open as a consequence of its binding.Alcohol affects the central nervous system by enhancing the effect ofGABA at its receptor. GABA binds to GABA receptors and opensligand-gated Cl–channels. However, chronic consumption of alcoholmakes the GABA receptor less sensitive to both alcohol and GABA,which increases alcohol dependence as well as alcohol withdrawalsymptoms, such as anxiety, tremors, and insomnia. Benzodiazepinesenhance the binding of GABA molecules to their receptors and thus aresometimes used to treat people with alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Forsynapses involving GABA, predict the effect of alcohol on the postsynaptic membranes; compare the effect of chronic alcohol consumption onthe postsynaptic membranes in these synapses; and predict the effect ofbenzodiazepine treatment on the degree of polarization of postsynapticmembranes in people who are experiencing alcohol withdrawalsymptoms.