raffic Lights in Plymouth) Look at the figure Traffic Lights in Plymouth. Plymouth has 1,000 residents. Each of the residents has the same individual marginal benefit per traffle light. If the government provides traffic lights, the socially efficient quantity is:
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(Figure: Traffic Lights in Plymouth) Look at the figure Traffic Lights in Plymouth. Plymouth has 1,000 residents. Each of the residents has the same individual marginal benefit per traffle light. If the government provides traffic lights, the socially efficient quantity is: 12. 0. 4. 8.
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- Crop loss per additional steer Number in herd Annual crop loss (Steers) (Tons) (Tons) 1 1 3 2 3 4 10 4 The cost of crop damage is $1/ton. The cattle rancher is able to sell the meat from each steer for $3.5. What is the socially efficient number of steers? [Select) If the rancher is liable for crop damages, will the rancher raise the efficient number of steers? [ Select ] If there are no transaction costs, and the rancher is not liable for crop damages, will they raise the efficient number of steers? [Select) The point of Coase's analysis here is that if the pricing system functions without transaction costs, I Select)PRICE (Dollars per ton) 80 72 64 56 48 40 32 24 16 B Demand 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 QUANTITY (Millions of tons) Graph Input Tool Daily Demand for Pollution Rights Price 8 (Dollars per ton) Quantity Demanded (Millions of tons) 225 Suppose the government has determined that the socially optimal quantity of sulfur dioxide emissions is 125 million tons per day. One way governments can charge firms for pollution rights is by imposing a per-unit tax on emissions. A tax (or price in this case) of $ of sulfur dioxide emitted will achieve the desired level of pollution. per ton Now suppose the U.S. government does not know the demand curve for pollution and, therefore, cannot determine the optimal tax to achieve the desired level of pollution. Instead, it auctions off pollution permits. Each permit entitles its owner to emit one ton of sulfur dioxide per day. To achieve the socially optimal quantity of pollution, the government auctions off 125 million pollution permits. Given…1. Solve for the graph and aggregate demand of the city’s 30 residents as functions of the number of trees. Label intercepts slopes and intersection of two sections. 2. Assume that the city can obtain each tree at a constant marginal cost of 200. Solve the socially efficient numbers of trees for the city to purchase.
- Explain the efficiency condition for Public Goods. Also draw the graph and interpret the graph.MSC 10 4 MSB 100 200 300 400 500 600 Quantity (dozens of doughnuts per day) 18) The above figure shows the marginal social benefit and marginal social cost curves of doughnuts in the nation of Kaffenia. There is no external benefit. What is the marginal benefit to the citizen of Kaffenia who consumes the 100th dozen doughnuts each day? [5 POINTS] A) $10.00 per dozen B) $8.00 per dozen C) $6.00 per dozen D) $4.00 per dozen 19) The above figure shows the marginal social benefit and marginal social cost curves of doughnuts in the nation of Kaffenia. What is the marginal social cost to the economy of Kaffenia of producing the 100th dozen doughnuts each day? [4 POINTS] A) $10.00 per dozen B) $8.00 per dozen C) $6.00 per dozen D) $4.00 per dozen Marginal cost and marginal benefit (dollars per dozen). Both Wisconsin and Illinois border Lake Michigan. The lake is becoming polluted and both states are deciding whether or not to clean it. If Wisconsin decides to clean the lake it will cost 1200 and generate social benefits of 1500 – however, Wisconsin will receive only 1100 of those social benefits while neighbor Illinois will receive the other 400. If Illinois cleans the lake, it will cost them 700 and generate social benefits of 900 – however, Illinois will receive only 600 of those benefits, Wisconsin will receive the remaining 300. If a state does not clean the lake, it experiences a cost of $0. If both states clean the lake, the payoffs will be A. Wisconsin gains 100, Illinois gains 200B. Wisconsin gains 200, Illinois gains 300C. Wisconsin gains 200, Illinois loses 100D. Wisconsin gains 100, Illinois loses 100
- 3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into' a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant external cost of $385 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $385 per ton. 1100 990 Social Cost 880 770 Supply (Private Cost) 660 550 440 330 220 Demand 110 (Private Value) 1 2 14 6. 7 QUANTITY (Tons of steel). PRICE (Dollars per ton of steel)(Figure: Efficiency and Pollution in the Market for Vehicle Emissions) Use Figure: Efficiency and Pollution in the Market for Vehicle Emissions. Assume that firms are the only beneficiaries of pollution and that costs are borne solely by others in the society. The socially optimal quantity of pollution is ____ tons.Oregon legislative committee passes cap-and-trade bill Lawmakers are moving Oregon a step closer to adopting what would be the nation's second economywide carbon pricing scheme. after California. Price and cost (cents per mile) Q 40- S=MC a G Source: Portland Business Journal, May 17, 2019 35 The transportation sector is Oregon's largest contributor to carbon emissions. Under what conditions would Oregon's carbon pricing scheme reduce carbon emissions to the efficient quantity? Use a graph to illustrate your explanation. Show the effects of setting the price of carbon too low and too high. 30- 25 20 15 and permits traded at a The efficient quantity of transportation would be produced if the quantity of permits was set such that, price OA. marginal private cost of transportation equals marginal benefit, above marginal external cost B. marginal social cost of transportation equals marginal benefit, equal to marginal external cost OC. marginal social cost of transportation equals marginal…
- (Figure: Softella) Refer to the figure. The figure shows a market for medicated tissues. Assume that the only use for these tissues is to wipe and clean one's hands, thus preventing germs from spreading to other people. What is the dollar amount of the external benefit (per box) that is created by the use of this product? Supply $16 12 Social value Demand Quantity of boxes of softella medicated 500 700 tissues Select one: a. $16 b. $12 c. $24 d. $8A city currently emits 15 million gallons (MG) of raw sewage into a lake that is beside the city. Table 12.13 shows the total costs (TC) in thousands of dollars of cleaning up the sewage to different levels, together with the total benefits (TB) of doing so. Benefits include environmental, recreational, health, and industrial benefits. Using the information in Table 12.13 calculate the marginal costs and marginal benefits of reducing sewage emissions for this City. What is the optimal level of sewage for this city? How can you tell?1) Since Mr. Leon polluted a lake the government has to clean up his mess. The following are the total benefits and costs associated with cleaning up his mess. % Cleaned Total Benefits Total Costs 20 50,000 500 40 90,000 1500 60 100,000 3,000 80 107,000 10,000 100 110,000 20,000 A)What amount should the government clean up? To answer this you must first calculate the marginal benefits and marginal costs associated with the clean up of the lake.