Problem 2. Lactic acidosis (abnormally high concentration of lactic acid in blood) occurs because of shock. 1. Explain how low oxygen levels promote lactate production. 2. Explain how maintaining low energy charge measured by the [NADH]/[NAD'] is crucial for continued production of lactate. 3. Explain how low [NADH]/[NAD'] is maintained while oxygen levels remain low.
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- Problem 3. Excess alcohol consumption can result in fatty liver disease. Liver cells synthesize triacylglycerides from fatty acids formed by fatty acid synthesis. Excess triacylglycerides can accumulate in the liver compromising normal liver function. D.Explain how stimulation of the rate of fatty acid synthesis changes the rate of fatty acid oxidation based on allosteric regulation of the rate-limiting step of beta-oxidation.Problem 2. When alcohol is consumed in excessive quantities, the resulting levels of NADH cause metabolic abnormalities, and one of which is high levels of fatty acid synthesis. Fatty acid synthesis, also a cytoplasmic process, uses acetyl-CoA as a substrate and NADPH as a reducing agent. Based on the above, we can see how acetate is converted to acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, but fatty acid synthesis takes place in the cytosol. Complete the analysis by accounting for high acetyl-CoA concentration in the cytosol. Study the summary of reactions of citrate metabolism. E. How would increasing the rate of the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase decrease the concentration of oxaloacetic acid (OAA) in the cytosol? F. How would decreasing the concentration of OAA increase the concentration of acetyl-CoA in the cytosol by Le Chatelier’s principle?Situational Problems 1. With the prevalence in food of peeled cereals or bread made from high-grade flour, hypovitaminosis B1 may occur. Explain the role that vitamin B, plays in the body. For this: a) name the coenzyme which contains vitamin B, and enzymes, which require this coenzyme to function; b) write the process in which these enzymes are involved and explain how the process speed will change with a lack of B,; d) what discase develops in the absence of vitamin B,.
- Energy calculations They will complete both exercises related to energy calculations. A. Charlie is a 5-year-old, entire, male, mixed breed dog who has been admitted for treatment. The vet has diagnosed pancreatitis. The patient weighs 20 lb and is being fed a wet diet with an energy density of 1460 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (ME). ⚫ Calculate Charlie's Resting Energy Requirement (RER) Calculate how many grams of food this patient needs per day.Review Sheet 18 229 Observing the Effects of Hyperinsulinism 9. Briefly explain what was happening within the fish's system when the fish was immersed in the insulin solution. 10. What is the mechanism of the recovery process you observed?. 11. What would you do to help a friend who had inadvertently taken an overdose of insulin?. Why?- 12. What is a glucose tolerance test? (Use an appropriate reference, as necessary, to answer this question.) 13. +Pituitary gland tumors can secrete excess amounts of growth hormone. Describe the signs and symptoms that these tumors cause in an adult experiencing hypersecretion of the growth hormone. 14. +Tumors of the adrenal medulla, called pheochromocytomas, cause hypersecretion of catecholamines. Describe the expected signs and symptoms of this tumor. Composition of BloodTask No1. The disease is described in which the activity of phosphofructokinase of adipose tissue isn't regulated by citrate. How can the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue be changed in such genetic defect?
- Activity 1: Practice Problems 1. In humans, phenylketonuria (PKU) is a disease caused by an enzyme deficiency at step A in the following simplified reaction sequence, and alkaptonuria (AKU) is due to an enzyme deficiency in one of the steps summarized as step B: A B phenylalanine tyrosine CO₂ + H₂O A person with PKU marries a person with AKU. What phenotypes do you expect for their children? wildtype O PKU O AKU O Both PKU and AKUPlease answer asap and in short 3. What is the caloric cost of 30 min of running at a VO2 of 1.5 L/min and RER of 0.9? Show your calculations. Round your answer to the next whole number.Question: Role of the triacyl glycerol cycle. Summarize the cycle referring to Figure 19.9. What role does the cycle play in metabolism? Here are some infromation: Metabolic integration within the human body depends on the redistribution of metabolites, ions, and hormones by the circulatory system. This complex network consists of ∼150,000 km of blood vessels (from major veins and arteries to microcapillaries) that recycle 6 L of blood every minute throughout the body. The circulatory system links together the major tissues and organs of the body in such a way that biochemical pathways in different cells share metabolites, ensuring that the metabolic efficiency of the whole organism is greater than the sum of its parts. This process of maintaining optimal metabolite concentrations and managing chemical energy reserves in tissues is called metabolic homeostasis. This term describes steady-state conditions that apply to a wide variety of physiologic parameters. Metabolic homeostasis is…
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