In the conversion of a-ketoglutarate to glucose, which of the following compounds are not obligatory intermediates in this pathway? * Oxaloacetate Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate Malate 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate

Q: Write a general equation for the entire pentose phosphate pathway

A: The first stage of the pentose phosphate pathway is the oxidative stage. In the oxidative stage…

Q: The nonoxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway has a heptose intermediate. is irreversible…

A: Metabolism may be defined as the process of breakdown of nutrients into smaller molecules (catabolic…

Q: Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Draw each acyl CoA…

A: According to Q&A guidelines of Bartleby, we are supposed to answer only the first 3 sub-parts of…

Q: The image below shows the citric acid cycle. Reaction 5 is the substrate-level phosphorylation.…

A: In the reaction 5 we can see that here it leads to the production of ATP in this step  which is more…

Q: What class of enzyme catalyzes each of the following reactions? a. hydrolysis of Val–Gly to Val and…

A: Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur within the cells by increasing the rate.…

Q: What acyl group does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex transfer to coenzyme A?

A: The pyruvate decarboxylase is enzyme used to transfer acyl group from one group to another group…

Q: Nonenzyme-bound FAD is a stronger oxidizing agent than NAD+. How, then, can NAD+ oxidize the reduced…

A: Non-enzyme bound FAD is a stronger oxidising agent than NAD+.  Consequently, FAD oxidizes NADH to…

Q: The glycolysis pathway is shown. Place the enzymes used in each of the ten labeled steps of the…

A:

Q: What are the products of the following reaction? NAD+ + isocitrate dehydrogenase

A: Isocitrate dehydrogenase is used in the citric acid cycle as a digestive enzyme. Its main function…

Q: The pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following needed for biosynthetic pathways?…

A: The answer is given below

Q: Which of the eight enzymes in the citric acid cycle has a name that refers to the reverse reaction?…

A: The citric acid cycle involves 8 enzymes and are listed as follows, Citrate synthetase - Catalyze…

Q: Draw the mechanism for the third reaction in glycolysis—the reaction of fructose-6-phosphate with…

A: Mechanism for the third reaction in glycolysis: In fructose-6-phospahte the lone pair of electrons…

Q: If glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is active, calculate the number of ATP produced from the complete…

A: Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is the process of regeneration of reducing equivalent NAD+…

Q: What are the products of the following reaction?

A: The product of the following reaction is given below:

Q: Consider docosanoic acid, C 21H 43CO 2H. a. Label the α and β carbons. b. Draw the acyl CoA derived…

A: Introduction: Docosanoic acid is a 22 carbon fatty acid.   Explanation: a) The carbon atoms are…

Q: What is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid b. water c. hydrogen d.…

A: pyruvate dehydrogenase is an enzyme which is used in pyruvate oxidation (1st step of oxidation of 6…

Q: Which one of the following best indicates why the citric acid cycle is considered "strictly…

A: Strictly aerobic citric acid cycle->  Oxygen of electron transport chain receives electron from…

Q: Which enzyme of glycolysis catalyzes an oxidation reduction reaction is: O Hexokinase II O…

A: The redox reaction, that is the oxidation and reduction catalyzes by the Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate…

Q: Identify the following as the reduced or oxidized form. a. NAD+ b. FADH2 c. NADH d. FAD For each of…

A: Species with more number of hydrogen -----> Reduced form Species with less number of hydrogen…

Q: The glycolysis pathway is shown. Place the enzymes used in each of the ten labeled steps of the…

A:

Q: Match the coenzymes and/or substrates with their corresponding glycolytic enzymes. Note that an…

A: Here the coenzyme or substrates are ATP, NAD+,Dihydroxy acetone phosphate and their glycolytic…

Q: To understand the entire glycolytic pathway better, kindly complete the table

A:

Q: What coenzyme is required to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde?

A: The coenzyme that is required to convert pyruvate to acetaldehyde is acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl CoA).

Q: What is the purpose of producing NADPH in the pentose phosphate pathway? NADPH is used in ATP…

A:

Q: Place the steps of glycolysis in the order that they occur. Last step Answer Bank Glucose is…

A:

Q: 3. Which one of the following reactions only occurs during gluconeogenesis (i.e., not during…

A: Concept of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis.

Q: 1. Give a schematic depiction of the pentose phosphate pathway showing the break down of 6 carbon…

A: Please find the below attachments.   Please rate.......................   Thank you.

Q: Part A FAD FADH, CH3(CH,),CSCOA Acetyl-CoA dehydrogenase Interactive 3D display mode H3C -CH3…

A:

Q: What is the function of FAD in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?

A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex or PDC is the complex of three enzymes which converts pyruvate to…

Q: Exhibit A: Consider the reaction of alcohol dehydrogenase. CH3CH2OH + NAD* CH3CHO + NADH + H*…

A: Molecule which looses electrons that is is oxidised and molecule which gain electron that is…

Q: Which reactions in the citric acid cycle form a product with a new asymmetric center?

A: Citric acid cycle: The cycle in which acetyl group of each molecule of acetyl-CoA is converted into…

Q: Identify whether each substance is a reactant or product of the citric acid cycle. Reactant Answer…

A:

Q: Draw the reaction then identify the reaction mechanism that took place, SN1, SN2 and  etc.…

A:

Q: Triose phosphate isomerase catalyzes the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) into…

A: The reactant is dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). The product is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).…

Q: 5. What is the substrate for pyruvate dehydrogenase? a. pyruvic acid O b. water c. hydrogen d.…

A:

Q: The pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following needed for biosynthetic pathways?…

A: The correct answer is given below

Q: The name of the process in which glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glycogen i: a) gluconeogenesis…

A: In this question, the name of the process in which glucose 6-phosphate is converted into glycogen is…

Q: Glucose 6-phosphate is in a pivotal position in metabolism. Depending on conditions, glucose…

A: Glucose is a simple, six-carbon sugar and is one of the most important organic molecules in living…

Q: Under conditions of starvation, acetyl-CoA, instead of being degraded in the citric acid cycle, is…

A: The process of conversion of acetyl CoA into acetone and 3-hydroxybutyrate during starvation s…

Q: When fructose 2,6 Bisphosphate is broken down to fructose 6-phosphate what occurs? O Glycogen break…

A: Some key points: During the glycogen breakdown, glycogen is converted into glucose-1-phosphate and…

Q: What is the process that produces glucose intended for use in brain cells and red blood cells in…

A: The human brain depends upon glucose as its main source of energy, and tight regulation of glucose…

Q: One of the steps that occur during the synthesis of ketone bodies is shown below. OH…

A: The formation of Ketone bodies takes place as follows:

Q: Given the question, which is the answer as to which of the following intermediates is the initial…

A: Given To know  the intermediates is the initial carbon dioxide acceptor in the C4 cycle.

Q: Which of these reactions take place in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration? A. glycolysis B.…

A: In aerobic respiration energy produce due to the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. In…

Q: Name the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of ADP to ATP at the end of the electron transport chain

A: ATP synthase is a mitochondrial enzyme localized in the inner membrane that has a significant role…

Q: Determine the number of carbon atoms present and the the total number of phosphate groups present in…

A: We have to tell the number of carbon atoms present and the total number of phosphate groups present…

Q: 4. Which of the following formulations will give the highest ATP yield upon complete oxidation? Show…

A: Formulation A sucrose= 24 pyruvate= 15 oxaloacetate= 14

Q: The catabolism of several amino acids generates succinyl-CoA. Describe the series of reactions that…

A: The reaction scheme is generally framed by considering the factors like atom availability and…

Q: Sort the characteristics as belonging to the first half of the pathway that requires energy or to…

A: Note - Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you…

Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways

Metabolic pathways allude to the arrangement of chemical catalyzed reactions that lead to the transformation of a substance into the final product. Metabolic pathways incorporate a progression of reaction where the substrate is changed continuously and the transitional metabolites are persistently recovered.

Glucogenesis

Glucogenesis is a metabolic pathway in which glucose is produced from carbon substrates that are not carbohydrates. This process is observed in plants, animals, fungi, bacteria and other micro organisms. The general  definition for glucogenesis or gluconeogenesis is as follows,