+ growth pathway signals generally result in elect one: p a. production of cyclin and CDK proteins O b. production of CDK inhibitors O c. phosphorylation of E2F protein o d. dephosphorylation of RB O e. All of the above
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- Which of the following statements are correct about cell signaling and proliferation in normal cells? more than one answer A. Cells require growth factors from other cells to proliferate B. Growth Factors must enter cell to signal cell growth C. Growth Factor Receptors can be oncogenes D. Protein Growth Factors can be Oncogenes E. Staurosporine is a potent inhibitor of Ser/Thr kinases and would be expected to inhibit Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor signalingWhich of the following modifications of the Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) would be proliferative of epithelial cells? multiple answers A. Mutation of active site residue responsible for tyrosine phosphorylation. B. Deletion of extracellular ectodomain C. Mutation in ectodomain that prevents binding of EGF D. Cell expresses EGF E. Mutation in promoter that increases expression of EGF receptor F. Dimerization of receptor without growth factor G. Mutation in EGFR promoter that decreases expression of receptorRole of Myc activation is the follows a. It directly inhibits Rb protein through phosphorylation b. It stimulates assembly of S-phase Cdk-cyclin complex c. It stimulates transcription of delayed response genes d. It increases the expression of early response genes Role of Myc activation is the follows a. It directly inhibits Rb protein through phosphorylation b. It stimulates assembly of S-phase Cdk-cyclin complex c. It stimulates transcription of delayed response genes d. It increases the expression of early response genes
- Cancer cells may be more susceptible than normal cells to mitotic catastrophe in response to chemotherapeutic drugs because of which of the following (select all that apply)? A. They express unique receptors for those drugs on their surface B. They may be resistant to apoptosis C. Cancer cells have more efficient DNA repair mechanism than normal cells. D. Only cancer cells are actively dividing E. They may lack key G2/M checkpoint controlsg protein D. Growth factor receptor ng Tool 0 Q ing C. Growth factor-binding protein D. Growth factor receptor E. Transcription activator A child with retinoblastoma is found to have a 13q14 deletion. The Rb gene, which resides at this locus, produces which kind of tumor-associated protein? A. Cell cycle regulator B. Growth factor ㅂ분 요 9 12 W □ @ 2 C Edit in Paint 8 60 8 FocusMatch each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of function of regulators that send old or damaged cells into apoptosis Hyperactivation of signalling pathways that tell the cell to grow and divide 1. Sustaining proliferative signalling Loss of function of structural proteins that anchor cells to surrounding tissue and/or activation of cell migration 2. Evading growth suppressors 3. Activating invasion and metastasis Loss of function of 4. Enabling replicative immortality regulators that stop inappropriate growth and cell division 5. Inducing angiogenesis 6. Resisting cell death Loss of function of regulators that force aging cells to exit the cell cycle and enter GO or replicative senescence 00
- In the RAD signaling pathway the EGF ligand binds the EGF receptor, this initiated a phosphorylation cascade that results in cell proliferation. Which of the following statements is correct: a. RAS protein is the sognal b. EGF ligand is the signal c. cell proliferation is the signal d. EGF receptor is the signal e. none of the aboveWhich of the following is a change to the CdK/cyclin system that could result in cell division followed by cell death? Group of answer choices A. Increased production of CdK B. Decreased production of cyclin during G2 C. Increased production of cyclin during G2 D. Cyclin not broken down by mitosis E. Breakdown of CdK by mitosisCyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases regulate progression through the cell cycle. Which of the following determines progression beyond the restriction point in G1? Select one: a. The presence of cyclin and Cdk. O b. The presence of cyclin. c. Phosphorylation of RB by Cdk. d. The presence of external signals from growth factors. e. The absence of cyclin.
- The output of RTK pathways is often the activation of MAP Kinase. Explain how MAPK can lead to activation of a specific subset of proteins, leading to distinct effects in different cell types in response to the same growth signal.Which of the following exert their cell signaling ability by directly phosphorylating other proteins? multiple answers A. RAS B. Epidermal Growth factor C. HER2 D. SRC E. Estrogen ReceptorThe following figure shows how the activities (y-axis) of Cdk-Cyclin B complex and the APC complex change through the cell cycle. Active Cdk1-Cyclin Inactive Cdk1-Cyclin Active APC A B A B time A. When would mitosis and interphase occur on the x-axis? A or B, which is A & which is B B. Does the concentration of cdk1 change during the cell cycle? Explain briefly the increase in activity observed C. Provide one feedback that would a change in Cdk-Cyclin B complex activity. Explain briefly