a) Discuss the different types of socket calls used in TCP &UDP. b) EXPLAIN in detail why fragmentation is considered a harmful method to be used in internet protocols. c) Discuss Connection establishment and connection release in transmission protocol with diagrammatic illustrations.
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a) Discuss the different types of socket calls used in TCP &UDP.
b) EXPLAIN in detail why fragmentation is considered a harmful method to be used in internet protocols.
c) Discuss Connection establishment and connection release in transmission protocol with diagrammatic illustrations.
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- 1. What is the difference between packet fragmentation (i.e., at network layer) and frame frag- mentation (i.e., at link layer) in terms of purpose? 2. Suppose that host A is connected to a router R1, R1 is connected to another router, R2, and R2 is connected to host B. Suppose that a TCP message that contains 800 bytes of data and 20 bytes of TCP header is passed to the IP function at host A for delivery to B. Show the Total length, DF, MF, and Fragment offset fields of the IP header in each packet transmitted over the three links. (Assume that link A-R1 can support a maximum frame size of 1024 bytes including a 14-byte frame header, link R1-R2 can support a maximum frame size of 512 bytes, including an 8-byte frame header, and link R2-B can support a maximum frame size of 432 bytes including a 12-byte frame header.) (*hint: the Fragment offset field is denominated by 8-bytes, not bytes) 3. What is the purpose of the path MTU discovery process (see textbook Figure 5-42) and why does…4. The original HTTP protocol used TCP/IP as the underlying protocol. For each page, graphic, or applet, a separate TCP connection was constructed, used, and terminated. This caused several problems: one referred to as the elephant and mice problem and two aspects of connection overhead. Describe both problems. Why were separate connections used? Would UDP rather than TCP be a good alternative? What solution would you propose to these problems to improve HTTP performance?Answer the given question with a proper explanation and step-by-step solution. Why is TCP/IP fragmentation important for internet communications? What would likely happen on the internet without that fragmentation? Why is TCP considered a "reliable" communication protocol but HTTP and Ethernet considered "not reliable"? Is there some "better way" to arrange internet communications?
- 3. With the help of the sequence diagrams, discuss how the connection-oriented TCP sockets and connectionless UDP sockets work.give proper solution for both (A) and (B) give proper explaination subject networking (a) The purpose of the OSI model is to show how to facilitate communication between different systems without requiring changes to the logic of the underlying hardware and software? In contrast to TCP/IP model this model is not practically implemented and TCP is practical. Why? Answer with valid reasons. (b) Nowadays, the “store-and-forward network” technique is not using in general communications, why? Also describe it’s working.Assignment 5: Both TCP and UDP are widely used IP transfer layer protocols. For applications requiring reliable transfers, TCP is generally preferred, while applications that value throughput more than reliability are best served using UDP. Most TCP/IP stacks provide both protocols, so the application can use whichever transfer protocol is more appropriate, even changing from one to the other as desired. Rather than rely solely on TCP, the network system developer might want to investigate the trade-offs related to use of UDP. Based upon the analysis list out why Some TCP/IP Applications Use UDP?
- 1. Build a Router network which has three Generic Routers and totally of Six networks in it. From each Router the required switch shall be connected through Fast Ethernet port and the switch is connected to two users. On the whole there are '6' networks in the configuration. Along with the network diagram do the packet transfer in simulation mode and write results for three different combinations.(a) Name and describe two key network layer functions. (b) Name the three components required to create a virtual circuit on the network layer. (c) Briefly describe four (4) services the transport layer provides. (e) List the steps that take place in the TCP three-way handshake. (f) One of the mechanisms found in transport layer protocols (such as our discussed RDT 2.0) is acknowledgements. What happens if an acknowledgement is corrupted? What mechanism addresses this?Moving to the next question prevents changes to this answer. Quèstion 1 OSI reference model and TCP/IP networking models are often used to understand the parts of a network communication. a. Write down layers of OSI Reference Model. b. Explain in short purpose of each layer individually in OSI Reference model C. Explain how TCP/IP stack model simplifies OSI Reference Model? For the toolbar, press ALT++F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS Paragraph Arial 14px オ() hp
- (b) The Internet Protocol (IP) can sometimes surprise with its flexibility. Since the overall design is close enough to the principles of the OSI Protocol Model, IP is independent of the Data Link and Physical network layers. And some Norwegians indeed showed successful IP network transmission is possible with carrier pigeons. If we would want to attempt to use carrier pigeons to establish a TCP connection between Canterbury and London, how long would it take to successfully establish the transmission under perfect conditions? (Assume the pigeons are perfectly reliable.) Explain how you come to your result. (1)Consider a TCP segment originating on a host running a Google Chrome Browser destined for the TU Dublin Webserver: (1) Separately identify how the port numbers are assigned for the client and server applications and, identify the range from which these port numbers are allocated. (ii) Identify the byte order used to represent these addresses within the segment header. (iii) If a port number contained in the segment header is passed to the Application layer, identify the function used to convert it to the correct byte order within the application.8. Which one is correct for OSI protocol? a. OSI Model is the first developed protocol architecture. b. Protocols are used for communicating with upper and lower layer. c. There are 4 services used for communicating for the same layers in different systems d. It provides layers to be independent from each other. e. OSI Model consists of five different layers. 9. What is the difference between the TCP and UDP? a. TCP is compatible with C, while UDP is not There are no differences b. C. UDP and TCP waits for incoming connection and accepts it when it comes d. TCP is connection-oriented, while UDP is not e. UDP is reliable, while TCP is not 10. Wireshark is not used for which of the following? a. Detecting errors in applied protocols b. Troubleshooting network problems c. Applying security algorithm to data d. Learning the content of the network protocol Testing security e. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8