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- 8. Q Explain what is meant by the term “market failure" by giving two major types of such failures. A (Market failure) is a situation where the competitive market system on its own would either (1) produce the "wrong" amount of certain goods and services as is the case where there are external costs or benefits (i.e., externalities), or (2) fail to allocate any resources to the production of certain goods and services referred to as "( public goods )". 9. ) Refer to the question 8 above and explain the reasons behind each type of failure. Where negative externalities exist, the market system without any intervention will allow some of the costs of private production or consumption to "spill over" onto third parties. There is no market incentive to absorb all of the costs of production if there is a way to get someone else to pay for them. • In such cases of negative externalities, the market cost and price of the product will be too (low high) and thus the quantity produced too ( low ,…4. Hydraulic Fracking is the process of drilling and injecting fluid into the ground at a high pressure in order to fracture shale rocks to release natural gas inside to be sold as an energy source. Up to 600 chemicals are used in fracking fluid, including known carcinogens and toxins. This is an example of a... a. Negative production externality b. Negative consumption externality C. Positive production externality d. Positive consumption externality1. Consider a market of two farmers which are also consumers. The following table contains the maximum production levels over a time period of 8 hours for both wheat and wine. As usual, we assume linear production possibility frontiers. Farmer Wheat Wine 10kg 15kg Albert 21 Berta 11 (a) Identify absolute advantages for each good. (b) Identify comparative advantage. (c) How does the comparative advantage change when calculated over 1 hour of production time? (d) How should Albert and Berta specialise? Who will trade what? (e) Given their production and consumption before trade, Production/Consumption WVheat Wine Albert 5kg 7.5kg 11 Berta 0.51 Assume production changes to the following . 1
- Economics 1. Social Benefit and Social Cost For the following statements: (1) identify if there is an externality or not; If yes, (2) classify them as: positive or negative; (3) If the externality happens during the consumption or production of the good; and, finally, (4) draw a graph with the marginal private and social benefit and the marginal private and social cost. (a) Driving a non-electric-car generates carbon dioxide emissions. (b) Getting a good education improves your productivity. (c) Developing open-source software makes new tools available for developers. (d) A Youtuber makes loud noises in the middle of the night while recording videos. (e) A person is blasting music on the subway.Question 3 Person 1 can allocate her 8-hour day between the production of two goods A and B. Each hour devoted to Good B yields 2 units whereas each hour devoted to Good A produces 4 units. (a) State whether 9 units of Good B and 12 units of Good A are attainable, unattainable, efficient or inefficient /State all that applies] Select one or more attainable unattainable efficient inefficient II3. Suppose the Canada can produce cattle or corn with a given amount of resources. Below is a graphdepicting the production possibility frontier for Canada and the marginal benefit and cost of a bushel ofcorn. Discuss the relationship between the marginal cost and marginal benefit of corn and the production ofboth corn and cattle.(a) Discuss the overallocation of resources, underallocation of resources, and optimal allocation of resources. (b) When operating at the optimal level of corn production, what is the optimal level of cattle production? Whyis this the optimal amount (why not more or less cattle)?
- QUESTION 28 You are unable to sleep because your hotel room is right underneath the noisy air conditioning system. We would classify this situation as an O internal cost. O internal benefit. O external cost. O external benefit.1. What is the impact of the global-positioning anti-theft device on the following below: a. Social cost curve b. Market equilibrium level of output c. Efficient level of outputPerson 1 can allocate her 8 hour day between the production of two goods: A and B. Each hour devoted to good b yields 2 units whereas each hour devoted to good A produces 4 units. (a) State whether 9 units of good B and 12 units of good A are attainable, unattainable, efficient or inefficient (b) Person 2 can produce 3 units of good B and 4 units of good A per hour. (I) who has absolute advantage oil production of good B?(ii) who has absolute advantage in the production of good A?(iii)calculate the opportunity cost for good B for person 2 (iv) calculate the opportunity cost for good A for person 1 (v) who has the comparative advantage in the production of good B?(vi) who has the comparative advantage in the production of good A ?
- Question 3 Person 1 can allocate her 8-hour day between the production of two goods A and B. Each hour devoted to Good B yields 2 units whereas each hour devoted to Good A produces 4 units. a) State whether 9units of Good B and 12 units of Good A are attainable, unattainable, efficient or inefficient. (State all that applies) b) Person 2, can produce3 units of Good B or 4 units of Good A per hour who has the absolute advantage in the production of Good B? c) who has the absolute advantage in the production of Good A? d) Calculate the opportunity cost for Good B for Person 2 e) Calculate the opportunity cost for Good A for person 1 f) who has the comparative advantage in the production of Good B? g) who has the comparative advantage in the production of Good A?1. An externality exists when agent A’s utility or production function depends on real variables chosen by another agent B, without an offer of compensation or other attention given to the effect of A’s well-being. True or False 2. The "invisible hand" of the market leads to the efficient allocation of goods and services, even in the presence of externalities. True or False 3. If there is a negative production externality, the market price of the good will be higher than the socially-optimal price. True or False11 The demand for education in the market is given by D(p) = 100000 - p where D(p) is the number of degrees. (a) if the market is competitive where the cost to each provider of a degree is $10000, then what is the equilibrium number of degrees and equilibrium price? (b) suppose that there is external benefit of $10000 per degree. what is the efficient number of degrees? (c) draw a diagram with relevant marginal values and marginal costs showing the competitive outcome, the efficient outcome, and the lost surplus from a competitive market. label the relevant curves and the relevant outcomes.