2. You measure the cross sectional area of the quadriceps of 40 diff gazelle species. How should this variable scale with mass, based on isometry? You find that the slope is 0.88. What term describes this observed scaling slope? You hypothesize that muscle cross sectional area is highly positively correlated with speed/ velocity. If that is the case, would you expect large gazelles to be disproportionately faster than small gazelles? Briefly explain

2. You measure the cross sectional area of the quadriceps of 40 diff gazelle species. How should this variable scale with mass, based on isometry? You find that the slope is 0.88. What term describes this observed scaling slope? You hypothesize that muscle cross sectional area is highly positively correlated with speed/ velocity. If that is the case, would you expect large gazelles to be disproportionately faster than small gazelles? Briefly explain

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)

9th Edition

ISBN:9781285866932

Author:Lauralee Sherwood

Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood

Chapter8: Muscle Physiology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TAHL

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If the allometric coefficient describing the scaling relationship between the mandible length of the male stag beetle and its thorax length is 2.3, which of the following is true? Note: While many examples often result in a scaling relationship that looks like this Y = aMb because many parameters scale with mass, it is important to note that parameters can scale with any measurement resulting in a power law where Y changes in proportion with mass/length/area/. to the power b. In this case, Y = aL". O As the thorax length of the stag beetle increases, the mandible length with be relatively shorter. O As the thorax length of the stag beetle increases, the mandible length will increase by the same amount. O As the thorax length of the stag beetle increases, the mandible length with be relatively longer.
A study of muscle fibers between chimpanzees and humans revealed that although muscle mass per body size are approximately equivalent, the ratio of red (slow) and white (fast) fibers were significantly different. Chimps tend to have a ratio of 30% red to 70% white where humans are 60/40 respectively. Speculate about what this ratio difference means in terms of muscle activity potential and a possible evolutionary significance of this difference.
Muscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle ﬁbre is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle ﬁbre is attached to a mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Number of Trials Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction (g) 1 20 0 2 40 0 3 60 50 4 80 50 5 100 Not Tested 6 120 50 *note that the voltage applied is positive in order to raise potential from resting to threshold Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above. Strength of Stimulus Number of Muscle Fibre Stimulated Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction
In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle ﬁbre is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle ﬁbre is attached to a mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Number of Trials Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction (g) 1 20 0 2 40 0 3 60 50 4 80 50 5 100 Not Tested 6 120 50 Is the threshold potential for this muscle fibre exactly 50 mV. Do you agree or disagree? Explain.
3.4. About human skeletal muscle contraction, what are the correct statements? PHYSIOLOGY_basic (OJO) A muscle fiber is made by the parallel apposition of sarcomers. Generation of force relies on the formation of cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In the process of contraction, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required both to drive the actin-myosin association-dissociation cycle and to recycle calcium back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Each muscle fiber is innervated by one neuron only. T tubules are plasma membrane invaginations of the sarcolemma that allow excitation-contraction coupling.
Muscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle contraction are compared. A single motor neuron that synapses with one muscle fibre is observed in this experiment. One end of the muscle fibre is attached to a mass. The following data were obtained from the experiment. Analyze the data and answer the following questions. Number of Trials Strength of Stimulus (mV) Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction (g) 1 20 2 40 3 60 50 4 80 50 100 Not Tested 120 50 *note that the voltage applied is positive in order to raise potential from resting to threshold Identify the manipulated, responding and controlled variables in the experiment described above. Strength of Stimulus Number of Muscle Fibre Stimulated Mass Lifted by Muscle Contraction
1. What are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both. 2. Describe Swammerdam's experiment and Galvani's experiment with frog legs. What did they tell us abc ard contraction? 3. What is the sliding-filament model for muscle contraction? Describe the role of actin and myosin of sarcc the model (be specific). 4. Describe how an action potential triggers muscle contraction. Know the specific molecules involved. 5. Describe the structural and functional differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. What are ardings ine E- three types of skeletal muscle fibers and how do they differ in structure and function? Library arly Alert « Previous Next MacBook Pro
What are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both. E. Describe Swammerdam's experiment and Galvani's experiment with frog legs. What did they tell us about muscl contraction? 3. What is the sliding-filament model for muscle contraction? Describe the role of actin and myosin of sarcomeres in the model (be specific). 4. Describe how an action potential triggers muscle contraction. Know the specific molecules involved. 5. Describe the structural and functional differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and how do they differ in structure and function? Next « Previous MacBook Pro
Certain multi-headed myosins bind cooperatively to actin filaments. The binding interaction is mainly electrostatic in nature, so the presence of additional salt (ions) in solution can interfere with binding; ions will tend to associate with charged residues on the two proteins, blocking electrostatic attractions that would otherwise take place. Briefly describe the expected shape of the binding curve for one of these myosins, and what will happen to the shape when the salt concentration increases.
The graphs below show the force-versus-shortening-velocity and power-versus- shortening-velocity curves for four muscles in the human lower extremity. Note that these curves show this relationship only for shortening activations (positive shortening velocities), not lengthening activations. And, note that the values displayed on the axes of the graphs are absolute (not normalized) values of force, power, and velocity. These graphs apply to the next three questions. Force vs Shortening Velocity Power vs Shortening Velocity 1,500 400 1,200 300 2 900 200 600 100 300 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Shortening Velocity (m/s) Shortening Velocity (m/s) muscle 1 muscle 3 muscle 2 muscle 4 Force (N) Power (W)
I am doing an experiment where I am test muscle fatigue in both your dominant and no dominant arm. So going to do 5 sets of fifty squeezes using a ball and record the amount of time it takes to get to fifty squeezes as fast as I can without rest between sets. My hypothesis is that the non dominant arm will get more fatigued faster than my dominant arm. My question would be I am confused as to what the independent and dependent variable would be.
How fast could a non-muscle cell make a contraction compared to a muscle cell if the relative rates of myosin walks on F-actin are 4.5 μm/sec and 0.04 μm/sec for myosin II and I respectively?